Social Psychology

Studies on the effects of physical attractiveness on judgments about personality show that: (p.59)

People attribute more positive traits to unattractive people than to attractive people as a means of compensating

People attribute more negative traits to attractive people out of jealousy

Physical attractiveness has no influence on judgments about personality traits

People attribute more positive traits to attractive people than to unattractive people

Complete the following maxim: People who readily express their feelings nonverbally, compared to less expressive individuals, are: (p.61)

Seen as more attractive

Liked more

Liked less

Given more attention

The best way to tell if someone is lying is to pay attention to his/her: (p.62)

Face

Words

Face and words

Body and voice

Associations between two cognitive representations can arise from: (p.65)

Accessibility of the two representations

Representations that are repeatedly thought about together

Accessibility and salience of the two representations

Similarity in meanings between the representations and repeatedly thinking about the representations together

Accessibility refers to: (p.65)

The efficiency of the processing of information about others

The capacity of a cue to attract your attention

The ease and the speed by which a cognitive representation comes to mind

Obvious connections between actors and situations

You are being forced to give a positive argument on cockroaches. According to studies on the correspondence bias, someone observing you will: (pp.70–71)

Overestimate the degree to which you like cockroaches

Underestimate the degree to which you like cockroaches

Overestimate the degree to which you fear knives

Underestimate the degree to which you fear knives

Which of the options below is an example of the fundamental attribution error? (pp.70–71)

You know that Paul has been told by his therapist to practice dishonest behavior; even so, you infer from Paul's behavior that he has a dishonest personality

You and Paul are both behaving dishonestly; you attribute Paul's behavior to a dishonest personality and your own behavior to the circumstances

Paul behaves honestly most of the time, but once in a while he is dishonest; we attach more importance to the dishonest behavior

You are behaving dishonestly; in order not to damage your self-image, you attribute this behavior to the circumstances"

The attribution of causes to the behavior of people is called: (p.73)

Corresponding inferences

Causal attribution

Causal association

Heuristics

Paul is being rude to his math teacher. You know that he has been rude to this teacher before, while he has never been rude to other teachers. You also know that other students have been rude to this teacher. According to Kelley's covariation model, in these circumstances you will make: (p.76)

A person attribution

No type of attribution as the behavior is so extreme that discounting takes place

A circumstance attribution

A stimulus attribution

The finding that Chinese perceivers do not attribute events to causes within the actor, but locate the cause in social relationships and the social context, reflects the fact that: (p.76)

Different cultures incorporate different assumptions about the basic nature of human beings

In different cultures people have associations between different representations

Different cultures incorporate different opinions on what is salient

Different knowledge is accessible in different cultures

Which of the following processes takes time and effort? (p.77)

Characterizing the person

Labeling the behavior

Discounting

Making correspondent inferences

Jack expects caring people to be friendly as well. This is an example of: (p.79)

A causal attribution

An implicit personality theory

A negativity bias

A central trait

Schneider (1973) claims that people have implicit personality theories. By this, he means that people: (p.79)

Apply the theories of personality researchers in an incorrect manner

Make predictions about types of personality

Have expectations about the relations between certain attributes

Have the opinion that personality traits are the main motivating force of behavior

We can organize our knowledge by: (p.79)

Clustering and creating causal links

Using our implicit personality theories

Averaging the evaluations

Making correspondent inferences and discounting

Complete the following maxim: When integrating information to form an overall impression: (p.80)

People tend to give positive information more weight

People tend to give negative information more weight

People average positive and negative information

People usually correct for incorrect inferences

When people are aware of their inaccurate impression and take time and effort to correct it, the impression will: (p.82)

Improve quite accurately

Depend on beliefs about the nature and direction of the bias

Improve only in Asian cultures

Not change

When people process information about a person superficially, they generally rely on: (p.84)

Underlying evidence that led to past judgments of this person

Overall evaluation and specific characteristics that led to this evaluation

The integration of multiple factors

Past judgments of this person

The self-fulfilling prophecy, the primacy effect, and perseverance bias all state that: (pp.85, 87)

Existing information accumulates

The accuracy of impressions is enhanced

Impression formation is slowed down, but is also simplified"

Initial impressions are sustained, even after contrary evidence has been witnessed

Which cues capture the most attention when forming impressions? (p.93)

Environmental cues

Salient cues

Behavioral cues

Verbal cues

Priming is most closely related to: (p.93)

Expectations

Chronic accessibility

Recent activation

Frequent activation